What medication decreases inflammation?

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are drugs that help reduce inflammation, which often helps to relieve pain. ... Nonspecific NSAIDs that are available over the counter in the United States include: high-dose aspirin. ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, Midol) naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn)

healthline.com - Over-the-Counter Anti-inflammatory Drugs: Types, Side Effects & More

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Anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin and ibuprofen help relieve pain. They can also worsen some health conditions and interact with other drugs, so consider consulting a healthcare professional before taking them. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications are drugs that you can buy without a doctor’s prescription. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are drugs that help reduce inflammation, which often helps to relieve pain. In other words, they’re anti-inflammatory drugs. Here are the more common OTC NSAIDs: high-dose aspirin naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn) NSAIDs can be very effective. They tend to work quickly and generally have fewer side effects than corticosteroids, which also lower inflammation. Nevertheless, before you use an NSAID, you should know about the possible side effects and drug interactions. Read on for this information as well as tips on how to use NSAIDs safely and effectively. Types of NSAIDs NSAIDs block the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) from creating prostaglandins. Your body produces two types of COX: COX-1 and COX-2. COX-1 protects your stomach lining, while COX-2 causes inflammation. Most NSAIDs are nonspecific, which means that they block both COX-1 and COX-2. Nonspecific NSAIDs that are available over the counter in the United States include: high-dose aspirin naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn) Low-dose aspirin isn’t typically categorized as an NSAID. Nonspecific NSAIDs that are available with a prescription in the United States include: diclofenac (Zorvolex)

diflunisal

etodolac

famotidine/ibuprofen (Duexis)

flurbiprofen

indomethacin (Tivorbex)

ketoprofen

mefenamic acid (Ponstel)

meloxicam (Vivlodex, Mobic)

nabumetone

oxaprozin (Daypro)

piroxicam (Feldene)

sulindac Selective COX-2 inhibitors are NSAIDs that block more COX-2 than COX-1. Celecoxib (Celebrex) is currently the only selective COX-2 inhibitor available by prescription in the United States. Side effects Just because you can buy some NSAIDs without a prescription doesn’t mean they’re completely harmless. There are possible side effects and risks, with the most common being upset stomach, gas, and diarrhea. NSAIDs are intended for occasional and short-term use. Your risk for side effects increases the longer you use them. Always talk to your healthcare provider before using NSAIDs, and don’t take different types of NSAIDs at the same time. Stomach problems NSAIDs block COX-1, which helps protect your stomach lining. As a result, taking NSAIDs can contribute to minor gastrointestinal problems, including: upset stomach

gas

diarrhea

heartburn

nausea and vomiting

constipation In more serious cases, taking NSAIDs can irritate your stomach lining enough to cause an ulcer. Some ulcers can even lead to internal bleeding. If you experience any of the following symptoms, stop using the NSAID immediately and call your healthcare provider: severe abdominal pain

black or tarry stool

blood in your stool The risk of developing stomach issues is higher for people who: take NSAIDs frequently

have a history of stomach ulcers

take blood thinners or corticosteroids

are over the age of 65 You can decrease your likelihood of developing stomach issues by taking NSAIDs with food, milk, or an antacid. If you develop gastrointestinal issues, your healthcare provider may encourage you to switch to a selective COX-2 inhibitor such as celecoxib (Celebrex). They’re less likely to cause stomach irritation than nonspecific NSAIDs.

Heart complications Taking NSAIDs increases your risk for: heart attack

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heart failure

stroke

blood clots The risk of developing these conditions increases with frequent use and higher dosages. People with cardiovascular disease are at an increased risk of developing heart-related issues from taking NSAIDs. When to seek medical attention Stop taking the NSAID immediately and seek medical attention if you experience any of the following symptoms: ringing in your ears

blurry vision

rash, hives, and itching

fluid retention

blood in your urine or stools

vomiting and blood in your vomit

severe stomach pain

chest pain

rapid heart rate

jaundice

Drug interactions NSAIDs can interact with other medications. Some drugs become less effective when they interact with NSAIDs. Two examples are blood pressure medications and low-dose aspirin (when used as a blood thinner). Other drug combinations can cause serious side effects, too. Exercise caution if you take the following drugs: Warfarin. NSAIDs can actually enhance the effect of warfarin (Coumadin), a medication used to prevent or treat blood clots. The combination can lead to excessive bleeding. NSAIDs can actually enhance the effect of warfarin (Coumadin), a medication used to prevent or treat blood clots. The combination can lead to excessive bleeding. Cyclosporine. Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune) is used to treat arthritis or ulcerative colitis (UC). It’s also prescribed to people who’ve had an organ transplant. Taking it with an NSAID can lead to kidney damage. Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune) is used to treat arthritis or ulcerative colitis (UC). It’s also prescribed to people who’ve had an organ transplant. Taking it with an NSAID can lead to kidney damage. Lithium. Combining NSAIDs with the mood-stabilizing drug lithium can lead to a dangerous buildup of lithium in your body. Combining NSAIDs with the mood-stabilizing drug lithium can lead to a dangerous buildup of lithium in your body. Low-dose aspirin. Taking NSAIDs with low-dose aspirin can increase the risk of developing stomach ulcers. Taking NSAIDs with low-dose aspirin can increase the risk of developing stomach ulcers. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Bleeding within the digestive system may also be a problem if you take NSAIDs with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Bleeding within the digestive system may also be a problem if you take NSAIDs with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Diuretics. It’s usually not a problem to take NSAIDs if you also take diuretics. However, your healthcare provider should monitor you for high blood pressure and kidney damage while you take them both. For children Always check with your healthcare provider before giving any NSAIDs to a child younger than 2 years old. Dosage for children is based on weight, so read the dosage chart included with the drug to determine how much to give to a child. Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, Midol) is the most commonly used NSAID in children. It’s also the only one approved for use in children as young as 3 months old. Naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn) can be given to children over the age of 12 years old. Although aspirin is approved for use in children over the age of 3 years old, children ages 17 and under who may have chickenpox or flu should avoid aspirin and products containing it. Giving aspirin to children can increase their risk for Reye’s syndrome, a serious condition that causes swelling in the liver and brain. Reye’s syndrome Early symptoms of Reye’s syndrome often occur during recovery from a viral infection, such as the chickenpox or flu. However, a person can also develop Reye’s syndrome 3 to 5 days after the onset of the infection . Initial symptoms in children under 2 years oldincludediarrhea and rapid breathing. Initial symptoms in older children and teenagers include vomiting and unusual sleepiness. More severe symptoms include: confusion or hallucinations

aggressive or irrational behavior

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weakness or paralysis in the arms and legs

seizures

loss of consciousness Early diagnosis and treatment can be lifesaving. If you suspect that your child has Reye’s syndrome, seek medical attention immediately. Tips for using OTC NSAIDs To get the best results from your OTC treatment, follow these tips. Assess your needs Some OTC medications, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol), are good for relieving pain but don’t help with inflammation. If you can tolerate them, NSAIDs are probably the better choice for arthritis and other inflammatory conditions. Read the labels Some OTC products combine acetaminophen and anti-inflammatory medicine. NSAIDs can be found in some cold and flu medications. Be sure to read the ingredients list on all OTC medications so you know how much of each drug you’re taking. Taking too much of an active ingredient in combination products increases your risk of side effects. Store them properly OTC medications can lose their effectiveness before the expiration date if stored in a hot, humid place, such as the bathroom medicine cabinet. To make them last, keep them in a cool, dry place. Take the correct dose When taking an OTC NSAID, be sure to read and follow the directions. Products vary in strength, so make sure you’re taking the right amount each time. When to avoid NSAIDs NSAIDs aren’t a good idea for everybody. Before taking these medications, check with your healthcare provider if you have or have had: an allergic reaction to aspirin or another pain reliever

a blood disease

stomach bleeding, peptic ulcers, or intestinal problems

high blood pressure or heart disease

liver or kidney disease

diabetes that’s difficult to manage

a history of stroke or heart attack Consult your healthcare provider if you’re over 65 years old and plan to take NSAIDs. If you’re pregnant, consult your healthcare provider before taking NSAIDs. Some research has found that taking NSAIDs early in your pregnancy may increase your risk for miscarriage, but more studies are necessary. Taking NSAIDs during the third trimester of pregnancy isn’t recommended. They can cause a blood vessel in the baby’s heart to close prematurely. You should also talk to your healthcare provider about the safety of using an NSAID if you consume three or more alcoholic beverages a day or if you take blood-thinning medication.

healthline.com - Over-the-Counter Anti-inflammatory Drugs: Types, Side Effects & More

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