What happens to your body on a liquid fast?

If the water can be separated quickly your stomach shrinks faster, and you feel hungry sooner. Like any kind of liquid diet, or a diet where the number of calories consumed is dramatically cut, a person's metabolism starts to slow down after a while. This is because the body gets used to surviving on fewer calories.

wired.co.uk - The science that explains why liquid-only diets actually work

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Spiller and his colleagues conducted a study that showed food and liquid separates in the stomach, and if you drank water alongside eating a meal you will feel less full than if you blended it all together and drank that. When you eat, the first thing that tells your brain you are full is the size of your stomach. If the water can be separated quickly your stomach shrinks faster, and you feel hungry sooner. Like any kind of liquid diet, or a diet where the number of calories consumed is dramatically cut, a person's metabolism starts to slow down after a while. This is because the body gets used to surviving on fewer calories. This could mean that when the dieter starts to eat food again, they are susceptible to gain weight quickly. “A common but unsupported perception is that such programmes are unacceptable to most people, possibly unsafe, and lead to rapid weight regain” the authors say. But the study, which is the first to look into a large group of adults, shows otherwise. With the support of the counsellors, the study shows that this did not happen up to a year after starting the diet. After one year, the participants who had been involved with the TDR programme had lost on average 11 kilograms, while the rest had lost 3kg. Total diet replacement (TDR) programmes are not a new concept. The idea is simple: a specialised diet is combined with weekly meetings with a counsellor, who gives you tailored support. At the moment, a diet like this is expensive. But the authors of the study hope that such treatments could one day be available on the NHS. The way it works is quite simple. First you replace your entire diet with substitutes like shakes, soups, and bars, which altogether provide between 800 and 1,200 calories per day. Then the counsellor will help you start to re-introduce food. After this, you meet the counsellor on a monthly basis to manage your diet. The support is usually provided in meetings, either in a group or one-on-one, with trained counsellors. They provide behavioural support for weight loss and advice on the formula food products. After the initial eight week period, the counsellors help the dieter to reintroduce food to achieve a healthy eating pattern. In some cases, telephone support or group meetings are offered on top of individual face-to-face sessions. A group of researchers at the University of Oxford’s Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences conducted a randomised control trial on a group of obese adults, to study how effective a TDR programme is for losing weight and maintaining weight loss. The study involved 278 adults who were obese and seeking support to lose weight. Out of these, 138 were assigned to the TDR programme and 140 to usual care. The TDR programme in the study was provided by Cambridge Weight Plan, and involved diets of fewer than 800 calories per day.

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Does fasting cleanse your liver?

Larance Lab research “We know that fasting can be an effective intervention to treat disease and improve liver health.

sydney.edu.au - How intermittent fasting changes liver enzymes and helps prevent disease

Australian researchers have used state-of-the-art analytical tools to understand how intermittent fasting works on the liver to help prevent disease. The findings will help medical scientists working in cancer, cardiovascular and diabetes research develop new interventions to lower disease risk and discover the optimum intervals for fasting. In experiments with mice, researchers led by Dr Mark Larance at the University of Sydney identified how every-other-day fasting affected proteins in the liver, showing unexpected impact on fatty acid metabolism and the surprising role played by a master regulator protein that controls many biological pathways in the liver and other organs. “We know that fasting can be an effective intervention to treat disease and improve liver health. But we haven’t known how fasting reprograms liver proteins, which perform a diverse array of essential metabolic functions,” said Dr Larance, a Cancer Institute of NSW Future Research Fellow in the Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences at the University of Sydney. “By studying the impact on proteins in the livers of mice, which are suitable human biological models, we now have a much better understanding of how this happens.” In particular, the researchers found that the HNF4-(alpha) protein, which regulates a large number of liver genes, plays a previously unknown role during intermittent fasting. “For the first time we showed that HNF4-(alpha) is inhibited during intermittent fasting. This has downstream consequences, such as lowering the abundance of blood proteins in inflammation or affecting bile synthesis. This helps explain some of the previously known facts about intermittent fasting,” Dr Larance said.