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What diseases cause low potassium?

Adrenal disorders, such as primary aldosteronism and Cushing's syndrome. Chronic kidney disease. Low magnesium levels (hypomagnesemia). Certain kidney conditions, such as Bartter's syndrome and Gitelman syndrome.

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Overview What is hypokalemia? Hypokalemia is when the amount of potassium in your blood is too low. Normal levels of potassium for an adult range from 3.5 to 5.2 mEq/L (3.5 to 5.2 mmol/L). Anything lower than 3 mEq/L (3 mmol/L) may be considered severe hypokalemia. Potassium is an electrolyte. Electrolytes are minerals that carry an electric charge when they’re dissolved in your bodily fluids. Your body needs potassium for your cells, muscles and nerves to function correctly. Your body gets potassium through the food you eat. Your kidneys remove excess potassium through your urine (pee) to keep a proper balance of the mineral in your body. How does hypokalemia affect my body? You need potassium to keep your muscles, nerves and heart working well. You also need potassium for a healthy digestive system and bone health. Low levels of potassium can affect these important functions in your body. Over time, low levels of potassium in your body can cause effects such as abnormal heart rhythms, muscle weakness and even paralysis. Diagnosis and Tests How is hypokalemia diagnosed? Your healthcare provider will check your potassium level through a blood test. The normal potassium level for an adult ranges from 3.5 to 5.2 mEq/L (3.5 to 5.2 mmol/L). Potassium levels between 3 and 3.5 mEq/L (3 to 3.5 mmol/L) are considered mild hypokalemia. Anything lower than 3 mEq/L (3 mmol/L) is considered severe hypokalemia. Your healthcare provider may also order a basic or comprehensive metabolic panel. This panel is a group of blood tests that determine your body's kidney function and electrolyte balance. If hypokalemia is confirmed, your healthcare provider will try to determine the cause. If the cause isn’t clear, they may order a urine test (urinalysis) to measure the amount of potassium in your urine. Your healthcare provider may also order an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). An ECG measures your heart rhythm. Hypokalemia can cause abnormal heart rhythms. An ECG can pick up the abnormal heart rhythms. Management and Treatment How is hypokalemia treated? If you have a mild case of hypokalemia, your healthcare provider will prescribe a potassium supplement that you’ll take by mouth. If your case is more severe, your healthcare provider may give you potassium through your vein (intravenously). Reasons you may need potassium through your vein include: Your potassium level is extremely low.

Hypokalemia is causing abnormal heart rhythms.

Supplements taken by mouth aren’t working.

You’re losing more potassium than can be replaced with supplements taken by mouth. Your healthcare provider will also treat any condition that’s causing hypokalemia. If you need to take a diuretic, your healthcare provider may switch you to a type that keeps potassium in your body. They may also tell you to take extra potassium supplements. Prevention How can I reduce my risk of hypokalemia? You can reduce your risk of developing hypokalemia by eating a diet full of foods that contain potassium. Discuss your diet with your healthcare provider. Foods that contain potassium include many fruits and vegetables, lean meat and fish, dairy and legumes. Foods that have lots of potassium include: Avocados.

Bananas.

Beans and peas.

Bran.

Dark leafy greens.

Fish.

Lean beef.

Milk.

Oranges.

Peanut butter.

Potatoes.

Spinach.

Tomatoes. If you’re experiencing vomiting and diarrhea that lasts for more than 24 to 48 hours, you should get immediate medical care. The loss of fluid can cause hypokalemia. The sooner you seek treatment, the better your chances of preventing it. (Note: If you’ve never had hypokalemia, prevention efforts aren’t usually necessary.)

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Low-potassium vegetables: Broccoli (raw or cooked from frozen) Cabbage. Carrots (cooked) Cauliflower.

Every time you eat a banana or a baked potato with the skin on (not just the tasty buttered insides), you're getting potassium. This essential mineral keeps your muscles healthy and your heartbeat and blood pressure steady. If you have a heart or kidney condition, though, your doctor may recommend a low-potassium diet. Your kidneys are responsible for keeping a healthy amount of potassium in your body. If they're not working right, you may get too much or too little. If you have too much potassium in your blood, it can cause cardiac arrest -- when your heart suddenly stops beating. If you have too little potassium in your blood, it can cause an irregular heartbeat. Your muscles may also feel weak.

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