What are the two types of V8?

In the world of V8 engines, the two crankshaft styles that are seen most often are flat plane cranks and cross-plane crankshafts. The primary difference between these two crankshafts is the degree their pistons move in relation to the crankshaft.

linkedin.com - FLAT PLANE VS CROSS-PLANE CRANKSHAFTS - LinkedIn

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WHAT’S A CRANKSHAFT?

Crankshafts are typically made from steel and sit underneath an engine’s cylinders. Each cylinder has a piston that corresponds to it, and these pistons have connecting rods extending from them. The connecting rods attach to crank pins, which are turned by the crankshaft. As the crankshaft turns, the pistons move up and down within their cylinders. This piston movement is responsible for pulling the air and fuel mixture into the cylinder, compressing it, and then pushing out the exhaust gas. Without a crankshaft, internal combustion engines simply wouldn’t work. As you might expect, there are several types of crankshafts. In the world of V8 engines, the two crankshaft styles that are seen most often are flat plane cranks and cross-plane crankshafts. The primary difference between these two crankshafts is the degree their pistons move in relation to the crankshaft. A flat plane engine’s crankshaft throws its pistons 180 degrees, creating a shape that from an aerial view would look a lot like a straight line. A cross-plane engine throws its pistons in 90-degree angles, creating a “cross” design when viewed from above. There are pros and cons of both crankshaft designs, and even though it’s a small shift, it creates a big difference in everything from performance to sound.

CROSS-PLANE CRANKSHAFTS

Most V8 engines are going to have a cross-plane crankshaft despite this crankshaft’s slightly more complicated design. With a cross-plane crankshaft, each crank pin moves at a 90-degree angle. This should lead to an imbalance, but in order to correct that, counterweights are added that allow for smooth operation. Ultimately, this is both the cross-plane design’s greatest strength and weakness. The smooth, balanced feel is desirable for many drivers, but the counterweight’s primary objective is to function as weight. Though this may seem obvious, this weight is a major negative for the crankshaft's style. Not only are engines with cross-plane crankshafts heavier, but also the engine must deal with more rotational weight. Unlike static weight, rotational weight is more variable and puts more of a strain on the engine. Because the weight is dangling off a part of the car that’s responsible for moving, some of the engine’s power is lost dealing with this additional weight. Ultimately, it’s due to this rotational weight that cars with cross-plane crankshafts have a lower rev ceiling. Engines with a cross-plane crankshaft do also have a higher torque capacity than a similar engine with a flat-plane crankshaft. Below is a summary of the main attributes to keep in mind with this engine type:

Lower Rev Ceiling

Heavier Engine

Low-end Torque

Deep, Rumbling Engine Sound

FLAT-PLANE CRANKSHAFTS

Flatplane crankshafts predate crossplanes, which makes sense because the design is significantly simpler. In a flat plane crankshaft, there are 180 degrees between the throws. This means that by their very nature flat planes are better balanced than cross planed crankshafts and subsequently don’t require the use of counterweights to create balance. Eliminating counterweights from the crankshaft doesn’t just eliminate pounds, it eliminates rotational weight and creates a more responsive engine. The GT350 can rev to 8,200 RPM, significantly more than the 7,600 redlines in the GT500. The downsides of the flatplane crankshaft are why you won’t see them in many V8s. The movement is joltier than that of a cross-plane engine, and as such, they tend to be a rougher ride. There’s also less torque, which for many is a dealbreaker.

Each of these motors will typically feature these defining characteristics:

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What is better than a V8?

Advantages of a V6 engine The smaller size of the V6 engine allows it to consume less fuel than a V8 engine or other larger engines. That typically means better mileage and potential savings at the pump. Having fewer cylinders reduces the weight of the V6 engine, and makes it lighter than a V8 engine.

nissanusa.com - V6 vs. V8 Engine: What's the Difference? - Nissan USA

Shopping for a vehicle can be difficult, especially when there are unfamiliar terms, like V-style engines. So what is a V-style engine?

V-style engines are generally lighter and more compact than other engine designs. The advantage of the lightweight and compact design is that it provides excellent balance and reduces fuel consumption compared to other styles of engines. The main difference between a V6 engine and a V8 engine is the total cylinders in the engine for fuel intake. A V6 engine has six cylinders, while a V8 engine has eight cylinders. V6 engines typically have better fuel economy than a V8, while V8 engines generally have more power than V6 engines. If you're in the market for a vehicle, knowing the differences and advantages of the V6 versus V8 engine can be helpful when you are trying to make a purchase decision.

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