Does vitamin C lighten or brighten skin?

It's brightening Melanin is the pigment responsible for skin color. By inhibiting melanin production, vitamin C can help fade dark spots and hyperpigmentation. It may also help brighten your skin's appearance.

healthline.com - 11 Vitamin C Serum Benefits and How to Use - Healthline

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That’s why we rely on a diverse group of writers, educators, and other experts to share their tips on everything from the way product application varies to the best sheet mask for your individual needs. Whether it’s a tried-and-true skin care regimen, how often you wash your hair, or the cosmetics you’re curious about, beauty is personal. Although you’re probably getting vitamin C in your diet, there’s no way to guarantee it’s going straight to your skin. Using serums and other topical products is the most direct way to reap these benefits. Vitamin C is touted as one of the best ingredients on the market for pro-aging support — and the key to maintaining a smooth, even, and glowy complexion. If you have your head in the skin care game, you’ve likely heard of vitamin C serums. There are plenty of benefits to using vitamin C on your skin. For example, vitamin C:

is safe for most skin types

provides hydration

can brighten your skin

can reduce redness

can reduce hyperpigmentation

can reduce the appearance of under-eye circles

promotes collagen production

may help prevent sagging

may protect against sun damage

may soothe sunburns

may help wound healing

1. It’s safe for most skin types

Vitamin C has an excellent safety profile . Most people can use topical vitamin C for an extended period of time without experiencing any adverse reactions. A 2017 review of research notes that vitamin C may cause minor skin irritation in concentrations above 20%. Because of this, its concentration often ranges between 10% and 20% in skin care products. Vitamin C is also safe to use with other skin care actives, including alpha hydroxy acids, retinols, and SPF.

2. It’s hydrating

According to a 2017 research review, most healthy skin and organs contain high concentrations of vitamin C, suggesting that vitamin C accumulates in the body from circulation. Review authors noted that topical vitamin C penetrates the skin best in the form of ascorbic acid. Magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, another vitamin C derivative used in skin care, has been shown to have a hydrating effect on the skin, according to a 2022 review . It decreases transepidermal water loss (TEWL), allowing your skin to retain moisture better. According to a 2019 study , an antipollution, antioxidant serum containing Deschampsia antarctica extract, ferulic acid, and vitamin C reduced TEWL by 19 percent, improving the skin barrier function.

3. It’s brightening

Vitamin C can help fade pigmentation (more on this below!) and smooth the skin’s surface to reduce dullness. This gives skin a youthful glow. A 2017 review notes that vitamin C use has been shown to impede melanin production. Melanin is the pigment responsible for skin color. By inhibiting melanin production, vitamin C can help fade dark spots and hyperpigmentation. It may also help brighten your skin’s appearance.

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4. It helps reduce redness and even out your skin tone

Vitamin C has also been shown to act as an anti-inflammatory agent through its antioxidant capacity, according to a 2015 review . This means it soothes your skin and can reduce puffiness.

Vitamin C’s anti-inflammatory action may help:

neutralize free radicals that cause oxidative damage

optimize the immune system to discourage an inflammatory immune response

The anti-inflammatory properties of vitamin C can also help reduce redness, which in turn can create a more even complexion. The combined reduction of dark spots, redness, and irritation makes for a clear, smooth skin tone.

5. It helps fade hyperpigmentation

Since it impedes melanin production, vitamin C can actually fade hyperpigmentation.

Hyperpigmentation — including sunspots, age spots, and melasma — occurs when melanin is overproduced in certain areas of the skin. It can also happen in areas where acne has healed. Vitamin C inhibits melanin synthesis by downregulating the activity of an enzyme known as tyrosinase. It’s widely used in dermatology for reducing pigmentation of hyperpigmented spots on the skin. It’s also been used to treat gingival melanin hyperpigmentation (gum hyperpigmentation), though studies are limited. Dealing with acne? In addition to vitamin C serums, there are other options for treating hyperpigmentation acne.

6. It reduces the appearance of under-eye circles

Vitamin C serums can help smooth out fine lines by plumping and hydrating the under-eye area. Although vitamin C is more effective at reducing overall redness, some people say it can help alleviate discoloration associated with under-eye circles. According to a small 2019 study on three treatments for dark circles, vitamin C mesotherapy resulted in a significant improvement in the pigmentation of under-eye circles. However, some participants also reported a burning feeling. Some other ways to help get rid of under-eye bags include using a cold compress and adding retinol to your skin care routine. The skin under your eyes is thin and sensitive, so it’s best to stick to products specifically designed for the under-eye area.

7. It promotes collagen production

Collagen is a naturally occurring protein that depletes over time. Lower levels of collagen can lead to fine lines and wrinkles. Vitamin C is well known for boosting collagen production through the process of collagen synthesis. In fact, collagen synthesis can’t happen without vitamin C. This is because vitamin C is the essential cofactor for the two enzymes required for collagen synthesis:

prolyl hydroxylase, which stabilizes the collagen molecule

lysyl hydroxylase, which provides structural strength

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You can also boost collagen production through your diet.

8. It may help prevent skin sagging

Collagen production is tied to skin elasticity and firmness. When your collagen levels begin to drop, your skin may also begin to sag. Applying a vitamin C serum may boost collagen production, resulting in an overall tightening effect, reports a 2017 review . This is true for sagging due to natural aging, oxidative stress damage, or extreme weight loss. This means it can help reduce the appearance of sagging skin, making your skin look firmer and more toned.

9. It protects against sun damage

Excessive exposure to oxidant stress via pollutants or ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is associated with depleted vitamin C levels in the skin. Vitamin C levels are also lower in more mature or photodamaged skin, though researchers are unsure whether this is a cause or effect. Sun damage is caused by molecules called free radicals. These are atoms with a missing electron. Free radicals search for other atoms from which they can “steal” an electron — and this can lead to significant damage to the skin. Vitamin C is rich in antioxidants. Antioxidants protect healthy skin cells by “giving” these free radicals an electron, rendering them harmless.

10. It may help soothe sunburns

In addition to minimizing redness, vitamin C accelerates cell turnover, according to a 2017 review . This replaces the damaged cells with healthy new ones. Topical application of vitamin C, in combination with vitamin E and other compounds, has also been shown to reduce injury due to UV irradiation (aka sunburn), notes the above 2017 review. This combination also decreases the inflammation induced by excessive UV exposure. It’s important to note that researchers found that vitamin C alone is only minimally effective at reducing sunburn on its own.

11. It generally helps boost wound healing

Given its effects on sunburn, it should be no surprise that topical vitamin C application can speed up overall wound healing. Healthy wound healing reduces your risk of inflammation, infection, and scarring. In fact, having a deficiency in this key vitamin can make wounds take longer to heal. A 2017 review found that taking vitamin C supplements had a positive effect on skin healing and growth by boosting antioxidant levels in the body and the skin. This is partly because wound healing is associated with collagen formation, and vitamin C boosts collagen production.

healthline.com - 11 Vitamin C Serum Benefits and How to Use - Healthline

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