Can blood pressure be temporarily high?

In the US, 47% of adults suffer from hypertension (higher than normal blood pressure). ¹ While blood pressure can fluctuate throughout the day, a long-term increase can lead to serious health problems, including strokes and heart disease. Temporary blood pressure spikes aren't always a cause for concern.

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Have you considered clinical trials for High blood pressure? We make it easy for you to participate in a clinical trial for High blood pressure, and get access to the latest treatments not yet widely available - and be a part of finding a cure. Check your eligibility What is normal blood pressure? Blood pressure is the force exerted by your blood within your arteries, and the contraction of the heart muscle creates it. The blood pressure is recorded by two numbers: First (higher) number – systolic pressure – pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts. Second (lower) number – diastolic pressure – pressure in the arteries when the heart is resting between beats. Blood pressure can rise and fall throughout the day. However, it could signal a problem when blood pressure remains high for many hours. According to American Heart Association, there are five blood pressure ranges:² Normal – less than 120/80mm Hg

Elevated – 120–129mm Hg systolic and less than 80mm Hg diastolic

Hypertension (stage I) – 130–139mm Hg systolic or 80–89mm Hg diastolic

Hypertension (stage II) – at least 140mm Hg systolic or at least 90mm Hg diastolic Hypertensive crisis – over 180mm Hg systolic and/or over 120mm Hg diastolic (if these levels hold, the person requires immediate medical attention). A hypertensive crisis warrants immediate medical attention. Normal blood pressure fluctuations Blood pressure fluctuations are normal during the day. Blood pressure rises and falls in response to activities like sleeping, eating, or exercising. Blood pressure also has a daily pattern. It rises a couple of hours before you wake up, increases during the day, and falls in the late afternoon and evening. The blood pressure peaks at midday and reaches the lowest point at night. Accordingly, if your blood pressure is slightly higher in the morning than in the evening, it shouldn't be a cause for concern. However, a morning blood pressure spike is a cardiovascular risk.³ Temporarily high blood pressure Temporarily high blood pressure is a blood pressure spike. For example, you suddenly start experiencing symptoms of high blood pressure that can include: Headache

Dizziness

Fatigue

Nosebleed

Irregular heartbeat

Pounding in ears, chest, or neck

Sweating

Flushing

Nervousness You measure the blood pressure and see 140/90mm Hg. When you measure it again in half an hour, the blood pressure goes down to 120/80. It's worth noting that many people don't experience any symptoms of high blood pressure. So you may not even notice a spike when it occurs. Although sudden increases in blood pressure might seem concerning, this may not always be the case. If it's connected to a certain activity or situation and resolution of the problem normalizes the blood pressure, you may not need medical assistance. Labile hypertension If blood pressure fluctuations aren't within normal range and occur regularly, you may have labile hypertension. Labile hypertension causes your blood pressure to fluctuate from high to normal frequently. While there isn't any treatment designed specifically for labile hypertension, medical professionals usually focus on helping patients avoid triggers. What causes suddenly high blood pressure? If you measure your blood pressure and see elevated numbers, don't panic. There are a lot of causes for sudden spikes in blood pressure. This includes thyroid issues, scleroderma, collagen vascular disorder, and even overactive adrenal glands. Other causes that lead to normal physiological changes lead to blood pressure spikes. These include: Acute pain Your blood pressure may spike if you cut your finger when making dinner, stubbed your toe, or pinched a nerve. Acute pain signals the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH). This hormone, in turn, stimulates the adrenal glands, which release adrenaline. High adrenaline levels increase your blood pressure. If you measure your blood pressure right after you get hurt, it will be high. However, as soon as the initial shock dies down, your blood pressure should go back to normal. If the pain continues for several hours or days, the brain adjusts by releasing natural pain relievers into the body. They decrease sensitivity to pain. As a result, the blood pressure decreases. Medications Sudden blood pressure spikes can occur when you take certain medications, such as: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin and ibuprofen

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Certain antidepressants

Birth control pills

Meds with caffeine

Some herbal supplements with arnica and guarana

Illegal drugs (cocaine, anabolic steroids, amphetamines) Your blood pressure should go back to normal as soon as the medication leaves your system. If the blood pressure remains high, it could signal a more serious problem. Full bladder A full bladder can easily raise your blood pressure by 15 or more points. Research shows that systolic and diastolic blood pressure increases if a person tries to hold the urine. After you go to the bathroom, the blood pressure goes back down.⁴ White coat syndrome Many people experience blood pressure spikes at the doctor's office. If your blood pressure readings are normal at home but suddenly go up when the doctor tries to take them, you might be suffering from white coat syndrome. The white coat syndrome is doctor-associated anxiety. When you visit a doctor, you naturally worry about your health, increasing your stress levels. Around 15% to 30% of people suffer from white coat hypertension.⁵ Stress When you are in a stressful situation, your body goes into a fight-or-flight mode, producing stress hormones (adrenaline and cortisol). Your heart starts beating faster, and vessels begin constricting, and this causes a temporary blood pressure spike. As soon as the stress reaction subsides, the blood pressure goes back to normal. If it doesn't, then you may have a hypertension problem. Exercise When you exercise, your systolic blood pressure can go up. It's a natural reaction to an increased heart rate accompanying any workout. If you measure your blood pressure right after a workout, you could see higher numbers than usual. During exercise, systolic pressure can rise to 250mm Hg or higher.⁶ The blood pressure should go back to normal within two hours. Caffeine Caffeine in food and medications can cause a sharp increase in your blood pressure. Scientists are yet to discover the exact reason why this happens. The level of blood pressure increase can vary from person to person. Some researchers say that caffeine may be blocking the hormones responsible for keeping your arteries wide. Others believe that caffeine triggers adrenaline release. The effect of caffeine can last for several hours.⁷ It can raise your systolic blood pressure by 3–15mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure by 4–13mm Hg. While it's not a dangerous increase, coupled with exercise or stress, coffee can spike blood levels significantly. Smoking Smoking causes an acute rise in your blood pressure. Nicotine stimulates the release of catecholamine and vasopressin, and high levels of these hormones lead to high blood pressure. The effect subsides after a while and returns when you smoke another cigarette. While a blood pressure spike is temporary, regular smoking could lead to various other issues with your cardiovascular system. Food with tyramine Tyramine is an amino acid that helps regulate BP. Your body produces it naturally but can also get it from food. Some foods like aged cheese, cured meats, and tropical fruits contain high levels of this amino acid. When you ingest a lot of tyramine, it can trigger your nerve cells to release norepinephrine. This hormone increases your blood pressure. The blood pressure goes back down after tyramine leaves your system. All the above causes of sudden blood pressure aren't dangerous in most cases. The blood pressure returns to normal as soon as the trigger goes away. However, if these spikes affect the quality of your life, you should still speak to a doctor. What to do when your blood pressure rises If you measure your blood pressure and see high numbers, here are a few things you can do: Calm down and lie down or at least take a seat

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Start taking deep breaths or practicing other stress-relieving techniques

Eliminate possible triggers — extinguish your cigarette, stop drinking coffee, quit exercising, etc. Take blood pressure meds prescribed by your doctor, if any. Measure your blood pressure again in about five minutes. If it doesn't go down and you continue experiencing symptoms, consider calling your doctor. When to call a doctor If you experience a sudden blood pressure increase, you may need medical assistance. Here are a few reasons to call 911: Your blood pressure is 180/120 or higher, and you have such symptoms as chest pain, severe headache, shortness of breath, weakness, vision problems, and difficulty speaking. These signs could be an indication of organ damage. You are pregnant, and your blood pressure is 140/90 or higher. If your blood pressure isn't too high but doesn't return to normal for more than several hours, you need to speak to a doctor. A temporary blood pressure spike could signal the beginning of a more serious hypertension problem. The first doctor you should contact is your primary care physician. They may refer you to a cardiologist.

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